HORT 281 :: Lecture 35

HORT 281 :: Lecture 35 :: USE OF TREES, SHRUBS, CLIMBERS, PALMS, HOUSEPLANTS AND SEASONAL FLOWERS IN THE GARDENS

USE OF TREES, SHRUBS, CLIMBERS, PALMS, HOUSEPLANTS AND SEASONAL FLOWERS IN THE GARDENS

Landscaping is an aesthetic branch of Horticulture, which deals with planting of ornamental plants in such a way that it creates a picturesque effect. Landscape gardening can also be defined as the beautification of a tract of land having a house or other object of interest on it. It is done with a view to create a natural scene by the planting of lawn, trees and shrubs. Further, landscape gardening is both an art and science of the establishment of a ground in such a way that it gives an effect of a natural landscape. It can also be defined as “improving of total living environment for the people”.
TREES
Trees can be classified into two groups namely, shade (or foliage) and ornamental trees and flowering trees. The line of demarcation between the two groups may sometimes get blurred. In the first group, only those trees are included which are planted for their showy ornamental foliage or for shade and which are either non flowering (e.g., Cone bearing gymnosperms) or bear inconspicuous flowers. In the second group are included trees bearing showy and ornamental flowers.
Trees can be used in gardens as specimen, avenue plantation, wind break and screening of less pleasing sites, and offer privacy. They provide shade and shelter and also reduce heat during hot summer.
Shade and ornamental trees tress

Botanical name	Family	Common name	Particulars
Albizzia lebbek	Leguminosae	Vahai, Siris tree, Lebbek tree, Womans tongue tree	Deciduous, fast growing and spreading tree with thin feathery foliage. Resistant to drought.
Alstonia scholaris	Apocynaceae	Devils tree	Elegant tree with whorled branches. Produces drumstick like fruits during summer
Anthocephalus cadamba	Rubiaceae	Kadamba	Tall tree with spreading crown and drooping branches. Flowers are ball like.
Azadirachta indica	Meliaceae	Vembu	Medium sized ever green tree with foliage light green, serrated leave. Recommended as a avenue tree for high ways.
Callophyllum inophyllum	Guttiferaceae	Alexandrian laurel, Dilo oil tree	Greek ‘Kalos” meaning beautiful and “phyllon” means leaf and “inophyllum” means with strongly nerved leaves. The tree is more attractive for its large and shining leaves.
Causuarina equisettifolia	Casuarinaceae	Beef wood, she oak tree.	Suitable for growing in dry and hot tracts and is quick growing.
Dalbergia sissoo	Leguminosae	Sissoo tree.	Plant can stand drought as well as submerged conditions for a fairly long duration.
Eucalyptus spp.	Myrtaceae	Blue gum tree	It draws enormous amount of water from the soil. Grown as wind break at a spacing of 5 -8 m.
Ficus bengalensis	Moraceae.	Banyan	Huge tree with aerial roots originating from the branches strike into the soil and gives a columnar support to the immense head of foliage.
Ficus benjamina	Moraceae	Java fig tree, Golden fig.	Evergreen tree with drooping branches. The globose fruits when ripe are very ornamental.
Ficus elastica	Moraceae	Indian Rubber Tree	Quick growing often reaching 15 to 60 m height, smooth shining leaves. Young leaves remain enclosed in a pinkish stipule giving the plant an ornamental look.
Filicium decipiens	Sapindaceae	Fern leaved tree.	Ornamental tree with attractive foliage.
Grevillea robusta	Proteaceae	Silver oak	Evergreen tree with finely divided fern like leaves, the under surface of which is silvery downy.

Fruit trees for avenues

Botanical name and family	Family	Common name	Characters
Averrhoea carambola	Oxalidaceae	Carambola tree	Medium sized tree and very ornamental
Eugenia jambolana	Myrtaceae	Jambolan	Tall and spreading tree and propagated through seeds
Mangifera indica	Anacardiaceae	Aam
Phyllanthus emblica	Euphorbiaceae	Amla	Ornamental tree suitable road side planting
Tamarindus indica	Leguminosae	Tamarind	Large tree suitable for road side planting.

Botanical name and family	Family & Common name	Flower colour and flowering time	Characters
Amherstia nobilis	Leguminosae (Queen of flowering trees)	Vermilion coloured raceme with yellow flowers (February – May)	Medium sized spreading tree and young leaves remain folded with purplish coppery hue
Bauhinia purpurea	Leguminosae (Purple bauhinia or geranium tree)	Rosy purple or lilac or deep pink (November)	Medium sized evergreen tree with clawed or pointed flowers which are large and showy
Callistemon lanceolatus	Myrtaceae (Bottle brush tree)	Brilliant Crimson Scarlet (April May and Aug –Sep)	A small tree with narrow lanceolate leaves and weeping branches, propagated from seeds or layers
Cassia fistula	Leguminosae (Sarakonnai or Golden shower)	Bright yellow flower (February – May)	Medium size beautiful tree with long pendulous racemes, propagated by seed and suckers
Erythrina indica	Leguminosae (Kalyan Murungai or Indian coral tree)	Scarlet red flowers (March-May)	Propagated by seed and cuttings
Delonix regia	Leguminosae Gul Mohar	Orange scarlet flowers (April-May)	Raised from seed
Jacaranda mimosifolia	Bignoniaceae	Blue colour (March – May)	Deciduous often grows to 10 m. height, pretty foliage, feathery
Lagerstroemia flosreginae (Syn. L. speciosa)	Lythraceae Pride of India	Mauve coloured flowers (April –May)	A large deciduous tree, easily propagated from seeds
Michelia champaca	Leguminosae Shembagam	Light yellow whitish and red flowers (April - May and Sept - October)	Seedling takes three years to bloom
Melia azedarach	Meliaceae Persian Lilac	Lilac flower (March – May)	Deciduous 15 to 20 feet height, bipinnate leaves small heliotropic scented lilac flowers in large panicle
Mellingtonia hortensis	Bignoniaceae Indian cork tree or tree jasmine	Fragrant pure with jasmine like flowers (June – Nov)	A tall stately rapid growing tree, propagated from seed or by sucker
Parkia biglandulosa	Leguminosae Badminton ball tree	White flower (April – May)	Pretty foliage, pinnate leaves, small white flowers with long peduncle, propagation from seed
Peltophorum ferrugineum	Leguminaceae Copper shield	Pale yellow colour (April – May)	Quick growing tree, fine graceful feather foliage, pinnate leaves, raised from seed
Plumeria alba	Apocynaceae Pagoda tree or temple tree	White colour Throughout the year	Handsome trees with architectural shapes and fragrant flowers. Evergreen species gives waxy white flowers throughout the year
Plumeria rubra	Apocynaceae Pagoda tree or temple tree	Red colour Throughout the year	Handsome trees with architectural shapes and fragrant flowers. Evergreen species gives waxy red flowers throughout the year
Spathodea campanulata	Bignoniaceae Indian Tulip	Orange, Scarlet flowers (June – July)	Leaves are glossy and bright green raised from seed
Tabebuia rosea	Bignoniaceae	Pale mauve coloured flowers	Good avenue tree
Tabebuia avalandi	Bignoniaceae	Mauve flowers (November - January)	Umbrella shaped tree and a good specimen tree for gardens

Arboretum: Growing of different species of trees in one place is called ‘arboretum’. The trees form the main frame work of the garden.
SHRUBS
Shrubs are defined as woody or semi woody perennial plants, the branches of which arise from the base of the plant and grow up to a height ranging from 50 cm to 4 m.
Shrubs are very important in the garden as flowering shrubs produce beautiful flowers at eye level. They display their varied beauty by way of richly coloured flowers, handsome foliage and their shape. They form the frame work of garden as they are semi permanent in character.
Shrubbery border
In the garden, to secure privacy and provide partition, shrubbery can be preferred. E.g., Duranta, Lawsonia etc.
Uses:

They are important garden plants not only because of the large number of cultivated species and varieties but also due to the wide range of variation in the shape and size of the plants.
They fit very well to home gardens in cities and towns.
Shrubs act as a foundation plant in the buildings.
Flowering can be seen throughout the year from one or other plant.
They can be used as a hedge, fencing and also for topiary. E.g., Hibiscus, Divi Divi, Thevatia, Casuarina, etc.
They can also be grown as potted plants.

Botanical Name	Family	Colour of the flowers
Acalypha hispida	Euphorbiaceae	Long drooping spikes of crimson red flowers and the foliage is copper coloured and variegated.
Adenium obesum	Apocynaceae	Succulent stem and flowers is funnel shaped. Slow growing plant ideal for pots.
Allamanda grandiflora	Apocynaceae	Yellow funnel shaped flowers
Artabotrys odoratissimus	Annonaceae	Scented flowers, green and turn to yellow on ripening
Aralia	Araliaceae	Quite hardy plants and can be grown in plains.
Barleria cristata	Acanthaceae	Flowers are pink, violet, yellow in colours
Beloperone guttata	Acanthaceae	Terracotta red orderly arranged showy bracts
Bauhinia tomentosa	Caesalpinaceae	Sulphur yellow in colour
Caesalpinia pulcherrima	Leguminosae	Bushy shrub with few scattered prickles. Shrub gives orange scarlet flowers.
Camellia japonica	Theaceae	Double flowers with white, rose or pink colour
Cestrum nocturnum	Solanaceae	Scented flowers at night
Cestrum diurnum	Solanaceae	Evergreen plants, bears white flowers during day time
Clerodendron inerme	Verbenaceae	White flowers
Cassia alata	Leguminoase	Yellow flowers during winter
Crossandra	Acanthaceae	Hardy suitable for shrubbery with yellow or pale lilac or brick red or orange flowers
Cuphea jorullensis	Lythraceae	Much branched shrub with yellow tipped scarlet minute flowers
Dombeya spectabilis	Sterculiaceae	Cream/deep pink flowers
Duranta plumieri	Verbenaceae	Blue flowers
Eranthemum bicolour	Acanthaceae	Plants with colourful foliage and grows well in shady and semi shady areas
Hamelia patens	Rubiaceae	Orange red flowers
Hibiscus rosasinensis	Malvaceae	Mostly red in colour, yellow, pink and orange colours also available
Hibiscus mutabilis		Flowers fade from pink to crimson
Holmskioldia sanguinea	Verbenaceae	Peculiar orange red flowers
Hydrangea	Saxifragaceae	Flowers borne in round heads of white, pink or blue.
Ixora	Rubiaceae	Bears large terminal trusses of flowers in white, yellow, pink, orange, scarlet and orange scarlet colour.
Lantana camera	Verbanaceae	Common weed but can be grown as shrubbery along paths and roads
Lawsonia inermis	Lythraceae	Bears white scented flowers followed by profused bearing of berries
Nerium oleander	Apocyanaceae	Single or double in rosy pink colour
Nerium	Apocynaceae	Bushy shrub with cane like stems. Bears sweet scented flowers and are white, pink deep red and cream in colour.
Pentas cornea	Rubiaceae	Red, pink or violet colour
Poinsettia pulcherrima	Euphorbiaceae	Red or orange colour
Tecoma stans	Bignoniaceae	Yellow colour flowers
Thevetia nereifolia	Apocyanaceae	Yellow colour flowers
Tabernamontana coronaria	Apocyanaceae	White colour flowers
Tephrosia candida	Leguminosae	White or reddish pea shaped flowers
Thunbergia erecta	Acanthaceae	Dark blue flowers

CLIMBERS
Climbers are an important group of ornamental plants. The beauty of any garden can greatly be enhanced by carefully selecting and planting them in suitable places. Plants which have special structure to climb on supports are defined as climbers.

Botanical Name & Family	Common name	Features
Adenocalymma alliaceum (Bignoniaceae)	Garlic vine	Heavy evergreen climber with shiny leathery foliage and large trumpet shaped pink flowers blooming during March to June
Allamanda cathartica var grandiflora (Apocynaceae)		Flowers are large, yellow and scented and bloom almost round the year
Antigonon leptopus (Polygonaceae)	Coral vine	Tuberous rooted quick growing climber, bearing rose coloured flowers in great abundance. Flowers throughout the year.
Artabotrys odoratissimus (Annonaceae)		Large woody climber or half scandent shrub. Flowers are solitary, greenish yellow in colour when ripe and gives a strong scent resembling that of
Beaumontia grandiflora (Apocynaceae)	Nepal Trumpet climber	Quick growing ornamental climber with woody stem and large shiny foliage. Gives out white trumpet shaped lily like flowers with faint scent.
Clerodendron splendens (Verbanaceae)		Dwarf growing climber with dark green leaves and bears dazzling crimson coloured flowers.
Clitoria ternatea (Leguminosae)		Summer growing perennial climber with a woody base, can climb tall grasses and crops. Leaves are elliptic to narrowly lanceolate and Flowers solitary, attractive, deep blue, occasionally pure white,
Ipomea cairica (Convolvulaceae)	Railway creeper	Quick growing climber with palmate light green colour. Produces purple coloured flowers with large corolla tube.
Jacquemontia pentantha (Convolvulaceae)		Light and neat climber grows on trellis and arbours with bell shaped violet blue coloured flowers throughout the year.
Petrea volubilis (Verbanaceae)	Purple wreath	Woody shrubby climber with wreath like spikes of star shaped light mauve flowers during summer
Porana paniculata (Convolvulaceae)	Bridal bouquet	Strong shrubby climber having large dark green heart shaped leaves and white fragrant small flowers in abundance
Quisqualis indica (Combretaceae)	Rangoon creeper	Widely grown and hardy climber. Curved spines enable it to climb and flowers are white at the time of opening but gradually turn into pink and reddish and hence white and pinkish flowers are seen together
Thunbergia grandiflora (Acanthaceae)	Heavenly blue , clock vine	Extensively growing heavy climber with dense foliage and lovely bell shaped blue coloured flowers with yellow shades inside it.
Vallaris heynei (Apocynaceae)		Evergreen climber with pretty foliage and bears white fragrant flowers.
Vernonia elaegnaefolia (Compositae)		Quick growing evergreen limber and useful for screening. The branches are pendulous hang close to their support thus forming a neat screen. The flowers are white in colour but insignificant
Bougainvillea spp. (Nyctaginaceae)		Versatile plant and can be used like bush, standard bush, climber, hedge, pot plant, bonsai, ground cover for sloppy land.

PALMS
The large family of palms (Palmae) is pre-eminent in the plant world for their grandeur, which is especially remarkable in regions where palms grow naturally to their full luxuriance. Linnaeus appropriately styled them" Princes of the vegetable kingdom." There are some 1,150 species of palms known and more doubt less still remain to be discovered. They may be divided into two main classes: (l) feather or pinnate leaved and (2) fan or flabelliform leaved. About two thirds of the species come under the former class. Most palms have upright, straight, unbranched stems, many reaching a great height. Some are bushy, throwing out numerous stems from the base. E.g., Chrysalidocarpus, Ptychosperma, species of Licuala, etc. while others as Chamaedorea, are dwarf, flowering and fruiting at a height of but a few feet. A few are naturally branched or forked, as the Doum Palm (Hyphaene). Some have bent stems, as in coconut; others are enormous climbers, e.g. Calamus. Palms are either wind or insect pollinated or both. Some are dioecious e.g. Date palm, Palmyra, Lodoicea and Phytelephas and others monoecious, as the Coconut and Oil palm.

Pinnate leaved palms

Acanthophoenix crinita	Thorny stems
Acanthoriza aculeata	30-40 ft. Spiny aerial roots on stem
Acrocomia sclerocarpa	Macaw Palm. Stout erect stem, 40-50 ft. Very spiny; spines 3-4 in long.
Archontophoenix alexandrae	Handsome sp., flowers in large white panicles
A. cunninghami	40-50 ft.
Areca catechu	Arecanut; Betel palm
A .concinna	Ceylon. Small slender stem
Arenga saccharifera	Gomuti- or Sugar-palm. Leaves up to 25 ft. or more in length; pinnate, 2-3 ft. by 3 in. broad. Very large, handsome species
Astrocaryum rostratum	Petioles very spiny
Attalea cohune	Cohune Palm. Honduras. 50-60 ft. Bears very large spadix
Bactris (Guilielma) utilis	Peach nut; Pejibaye; Pewa; Pupunha. Slender stems; whole palm spiny, 30-40 ft. Fruit in clusters, reddish-yellow, eaten boiled with salt or roasted
Bentinckia condapanna	Slender sp. about 30 ft. high
Calyptrocalyx spicatus	30-40 ft. Bright red berries on long spikes

Feather leaved palms

Caryota cumingii	Handsome genus with bi-pinnate leaves
C. urens	Toddy Palm. Handsome, bi-pinnate leaves; 50-60 ft. Flowering spadices 7-9 ft. long, in huge bunches
Chamaedorea elegans	Dwarf, single stem; flowers when 2-3 ft. high
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens	Cane Palm. Many stems; handsome, fine, feathery leaves excellent for pot culture
Cocos flexuosa	30-40 ft. Handsome feathery leaves
C. nucifera. C. plumosa and C. schizophylla	Coconut Palm Handsome palms, 40-50 ft.
C. weddelliana	Small elegant sp. with fine pinnate
Cyrtostachys renda	Sealing wax palm; Pinang-rajah. Bright red leaf-sheaths, numerous stems
Desmoncus major	Climbing palm, very spiny; small, round, red fruit
Diplothemium caudescens	Very handsome, small palm. 10-12 ft
Elaeis guineensis	Oil Palm
Euterpe edulis	Tender stem tops edible, used as a vegetable in Brazil, etc
Guilielma speciosa	Peach palm; Pejibaye
Hydriastele wendlandiana	Slender palm; small round, scarlet fruit
Kentia (Howea) australis; K. belmoreana; and K. forsteriana	Single stem, handsome pinnate leaves; favourite palms for pot culture in Europe, etc.
Manicaria saccifera	Bussu Palm
Metroxylon Rumphii	Prickly sago palm
Myrialepis Scortechnii	Strong growing climber, spiny leaves and stem
Nephrosperma vanhoutteana	Erect, slender stem
Nipa fruticans	Nipa; Water palm. See sugar palms
Oncosperma fasciculate, O. filamentosa	Nibung palm. Many stems; handsome, drooping pinnate
Oreodoxa oleracea	Palmiste. Cabbage Palm. 80-100 ft., very stately, cylindrical stem;effective in avenues. Top part edible
O. regia	Royal palm; Bottle palm. Stem usually barrel-shaped. Tender top portion edible, commonly used as a vegetable
Phoenix dactylifera	Date palm
Wallichia disticha	Fan-shaped feathery Palm
Rhopaloblaste hexandra	80-100 ft., single, slender stem; narrow pinnate, ornamental in small state

Fan Leaved Palms

Borassus flabellifer	Palmyra palm
Copernicia cerifera	Carnauba wax palm
Corypha umbraculifera	Talipot palm
Hyphaene thebaica	Doum palm. One of the few branching palms. 30-40 ft. Fruit edible
Latania Commersoni	40-50 ft. L. purplish, glaucous
Licuala elegans	Small sp. with many stems; petioles prickly
L. gracilis	Bushy, 5-7 ft
L. (Pritchardia) grandis	Single stem. 6-8 ft. Leaves almost circular, pleated fan like; very elegant.
Livistona altissima	60-80 ft.; petioles prickly; berries scarlet
Stevensonia grandifolia	40-50 ft., single stem; leaves. spiny, reddish tint when young

Sub tropical palms

Brahea dulcis	Fan leaved, dwarf sp
Chamaerops fortunei (Trachycarpus excelsus).	Fan leaved
C.humilis	Fan leaved, dwarf sp., only European palm
Nannorhops ritcheana	Small bushy palm. Leaves used for fans, baskets, etc.
Rhapis flabelliformis	Small slender palm, numerous stems; used for walking sticks
Rhopalostylis(Areca) sapida	Nikau palm. Small, pinnate leaved
Trachycarpus excels	Fan leaved, dwarf sp.
Washingtonia filifera	Handsome fan leaved; copiously furnished with long, creamy white, filiform threads. elegant, fan leaf margins

HOUSE PLANTS/ INDOOR PLANTS

Plants can be a beautiful and unique way to add a decorative touch to any room in a home or office. For a beautiful centerpiece, use plants with colorful foliage or blooming plants.
Common indoor houseplants may provide a valuable weapon in the fight against rising levels of indoor air pollution, by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen so they do actually clean the air.

Botanical Name & Family	Common name	Features
Aglaonema sp (Araceae)		Plants have an erect habit with long, slender pointed leaves with depressed lateral veins and corrugated appearance. A. costatum has white spotted leaves.
Anthurium sp (Araceae)		This genus comprises more than 200 species which are valued for ornamental leaves and colourful spathes which are rigid and waxy. Plants are rhizomatous and can be propagated through division.
Aralia (Araliaceae)		Leafy bushy shrub with leafs coarsely toothed.
Asparagus plumosus (Liliacea)	Asparagus fern	Beautiful foliage plant with numerous horizontal spreading branches and bristle like leaves.
Begonia (Begoniaceae)	Elephants ear or beef steak geraniums	Large handsome ornamental foliage plant. Grows well in a humid and shaded conservatory. Flowers are beautiful resembling roses but the texture is finer. The margin of the petals may be plain, fringed or fimbriated.
Caladium (Araceae)		Popular indoor plant valued for its highly ornamental foliage. The leaves are broadly arrow shaped and membranous in texture. The colour of the leaves vary from white to purple, bronze, pink and deep crimson and blotched, splashed and spotted with conspicuous colours.
Codiaeum (Euphorbiaceae)	Crotons	Popular ornamental shrub with colourful and attractively shaped leaves. The plants are hardy in nature.
Coleus (Labiatae)		Perennial herbaceous plant grown for its colourful foliage. Grown commonly as pot plant.
Colocasia (Araceae)		Tuberous rooted herb similar to alocasias.
Dracaena (Liliaceae)		Evergreen shrubs or trees known for their richly coloured foliage including variegated forms.
Pleomele reflexa variegata (Liliaceae)	Song of India	Strikingly beautiful plants and leaves are leathery, densely clustering, short, narrow, margined by two broad bands of yellow or cream.
Ficus elastica (Moraceae)	Indian Rubber plant	Plant is with showy large leathery oblong shaped leaf deep green in colour and the young leaves are enclosed in a rosy sheath.
Heliconia (Musaceae)		Dwarf plantain like plants. Plants are grown for their colourful foliage and in some species have beautiful markings.
Peperomia (Piperaceae)		Small succulent herbaceous plant with ornamental foliage often prettily marked.
Philodendron (Araceae)		Shrubby creeping plants or stem less herbs valued for their graceful foliage that are leathery.
Pilea microphylla (Urticaceae)	Artillery plant	A multitude of lime green leaves on short, arching stems gives this plant a fine textured fern like appearance. Common name is derived from the forcefully ejected pollen.
Polyscias fruiticosa (Araliaceae)		Erect shrub, leaves leathery, irregularly pinnate and the margin of the leaves often edged white and the rachis and the stalk are spotted.
Scindapsus aureas (Araceae)	Pothos or money plant	Fleshy root climbing vine with thick long aerial roots. The leaves at the young are broadly ovate, waxy, green having yellow variegation. The mature leaves become 60 cm long and the blades become lobed or slashed.
Syngonium (Araceae)		Quick growing ornamental foliage climber suitable for pots and trellies. Leaves are generally sagitate and are variegated.
Tradescantia (Commelianceae)		Low growing herbs with trailing or creeping habit with variegated foliage.

SEASONAL FLOWERS OR ANNUALS

and size of flowers. They beautify the surroundings and exhibit a good show of blooms at low cost and labour.

Botanical name	Common Name	Colour range	Remarks
Ageartaum houstonianum	Floss flower	Blue, pink, white	Grown for bedding purposes
Althaea rosea	Holly hock	White, crimson, pink, yellow, red	Can be used for screening purpose, background of border
Antirrhinum majus	Snap dragon	White, yellow, pink, rose, mauve	Bedding and pot growing good cut flower
Bellis perennis	English daisy	White, blue, light pink	For pot cultivation
Calendula officinalis	Pot marigold	Yellow, orange	Bedding, pot growing , good cut flower
Callistephus chinensis	Aster	White, pink, blue	Bedding and pot growing, good cut flower
Chrysanthemum coronarium	Annual chrysanthemum	White, yellow	Bedding purpose, good loose flower
Cosmos bipinnatus	Cosmos	White, pink, yellow, mauve, magenta	Can be grown throughout the year
Dahlia variabilis	Dahlia	Yellow, red, white, mauve, crimson	Bedding and pot growing
Dianthus caryophyllus	Carnation	White, pink, crimson, mauve, yellow, violet, red	Bedding, pot growing good cut flower with long lasting vase life and scented flower
Helichrysum bracteatum	Straw flower	Yellow	Bedding purpose and good cut flower
Petunia hybrida		Red, blue, white, pink, violet	Good for pot and bedding
Phlox drummondii		White, red, blue, violet, pink	Dwarf plants are very showy when growing flower border, baskets and pots
Salvia splendens	Sage	Scarlet, pink, orange, white, yellow	Easily grown in shady places and rockery
Tagetes erecta	African marigold	Yellow, orange	Easily grown, good for bedding grown for loose flower
Tagetes patula	French marigold	Red, Orange, yellow	For bedding and pot growing
Verbena hybrida		Purple, pink, blue, red, white	Good for bedding, pots, hanging baskets, window boxes and rockery
Viola tricolor	Pansy	Yellow, blue, red, purple, violet and bicolour	Sunny site is preferred, good for bedding and pot

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1. Example of a tree with scentul flowers
a. Mimusops elengi                 b. Grevillia robusta
c. Albizzia lebbele                   d. Caisuarina equisettifolia
2. Jacaranda mimosifolia produces _____ coloured flowers
a. blue b. white            c. yellow          d. red
3. Nerium belongs to the family
a. Rubiaceae               b. Apocyanaceae
c. Verbanaceae          d. Caesalpineae
4. Scientific name of rangoom creeper
a. Thunbergia grandiflore                    b. Quisqualis indica
c. Petrea volubilis                               d. Ipomoea cairica
5. Sandaspus aurus in _________
a. Crotton                    b. Elephant car
c. Money plant            d. English Dairy

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